Which service provides Network Address Translation (NAT) services?

The Azure Firewall service is the correct option as it directly provides Network Address Translation (NAT) capabilities. Azure Firewall is a managed, cloud-based network security service that protects Azure Virtual Network resources. It offers outbound internet connectivity by performing NAT, allowing resources in a virtual network to access the internet securely without needing public IP addresses assigned to each resource.

In a typical use case, when an internal resource needs to reach the internet, Azure Firewall can translate the private IP of the resource to a public IP address. This translation ensures that the internal network remains secure and inaccessible from direct internet exposure while still allowing outbound connections for applications that require internet access.

While other services mentioned, such as Azure Bastion, do play a role in securing access to virtual machines and managing connectivity, they do not provide NAT services. Network security groups (NSGs) act as filters to control inbound and outbound network traffic but do not translate IP addresses. Azure Monitor is focused on performance and health monitoring of Azure services, providing insights into resources rather than direct network translation functionalities.