What controls the level of access when users attempt to access an application or service?

The process that determines the level of access users have when they attempt to access an application or service is known as authorization. Authorization occurs after a user has been authenticated, which means their identity has been verified. Once authenticated, the system checks the user's permissions and roles to determine what resources they can access and what actions they are allowed to perform.

In the context of security, authorization is crucial because it defines boundaries and ensures that users can only access information and services that are appropriate for their roles. This mechanism is implemented through various methods, such as role-based access control (RBAC), where users are given permissions based on their assigned roles within the organization. Consequently, proper authorization mechanisms help maintain security by preventing unauthorized access to sensitive data and functions within applications and services.